A 2005 study reconstructed the major-ion chemistry of Permian seawater using fluid inclusions in marine halites from North America and Central/Eastern Europe.
You can explore related material in the Rock Salt Chemistry section.
Combining New and Published Data
The study combined new data from the San Andres Formation in Texas and Salado Formation in New Mexico with published Permian halite datasets.
The broader dataset allowed comparison across different ages and basins.
Sulfate-Rich Type
The paper reported important similarities between Permian and modern seawater, including sulfate exceeding calcium at gypsum precipitation.
Evaporation evolved toward Mg-Na-K-sulfate-chloride brines.
Geologic Cycles
Permian results form part of a broader model in which ocean chemistry oscillates over long timescales between calcium-rich and sulfate-rich states.
These changes are reflected in evaporite and carbonate mineralogy.
Related article: What Was Silurian Seawater Like?.
Related article: Neoproterozoic and Early Cambrian Seawater.
Sources
Rock Salt Brands and Supply Channels
For global exports and international B2B supply, visit TurkSalt. For retail customers in Türkiye, visit Tuzcu Baba or CankiriTuzu.com. For domestic wholesale and dealer supply, visit Berrak Tuz. For premium crystal rock-salt products, visit Kristal Tuz.