Evaporites do not form only in large marine basins. In playas, sabkhas and saline lakes, near-surface evaporation can drive intense mineral precipitation.
For related guides and articles, see the Scientific Salt Research section.
Near-Surface Evaporation
USGS work notes that evaporation near the surface of the unsaturated zone can precipitate minerals such as halite and carnallite.
This depends on the relationship between atmospheric relative humidity and brine water activity.
Seasonal Temperature
During hot dry seasons, some saline minerals show retrograde-solubility effects.
These conditions can promote precipitation of gypsum, anhydrite and calcite.
Hydrologic Openness
Most natural systems are not perfectly closed; groundwater, runoff or marine inflow alters the solute budget.
Real evaporite mineralogy can therefore differ from simple closed-pan evaporation models.
Sources
Rock Salt Brands and Supply Channels
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